Particularly on older concrete slabs exposed to the elements the variable porosity of the slab allows the stain to penetrate to different depths creating natural areas of light and dark staining.
Acid vs marble.
Applications choose a commercial cleaner containing phosphoric acid and dilute it with water if instructed by the manufacturer.
Marble is often crushed and used for acid neutralization in streams lakes and soils.
Finish options for marble and quartzite.
An outline of an experiment that could be used to find the time and hence rate of reaction of marble chips and hydrochloric acid.
It is used for acid neutralization in the chemical industry as well.
For example while you can use phosphoric acid on ceramic porcelain and composite surfaces you should never attempt to use it on natural marble onyx granite or limestone.
This acid etching can only be removed by professionally resurfacing and rehoning the stone.
This black crust is primarily composed of gypsum a mineral that forms from the reaction between calcite water and sulfuric acid.
Marble has a moh s hardness rating of about 3 while quartzite has a rating of approximately 7.
It is one of the most effective acid neutralization materials.
However sheltered areas on limestone and marble buildings and monuments show blackened crusts that have spalled peeled off in some places revealing crumbling stone beneath.
When sulfurous sulfuric and nitric acids in polluted air and rain react with the calcite in marble and limestone the calcite dissolves.
However concrete acid stain possesses the unique property of creating a marble like effect without any additional staining techniques.
The hardness of marble vs.
Marble and quartzite can be finished in a variety of ways.
Being composed of calcium carbonate marble will react in contact with many acids neutralizing the acid.
Quartzite is quite different.
In exposed areas of buildings and statues we see roughened surfaces removal of material and loss of carved details.